Causes of Civil Law disputes between subjects of entrepreneurial activity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52028/rbadr.v7.i14.ART10.KAZKeywords:
Legal framework, Arbitration, Mediation, Contract enforcement, InnovationAbstract
This study examines the causes of civil law disputes between business entities in Kazakhstan and compares them with similar disputes in the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. Utilizing a comparative analytical approach, the research analyzes statistical data from official legal sources and specialized legal websites spanning 2015 to 2022. The analysis identifies key drivers of disputes, including breaches of contractual terms related to payment and delivery, property rights conflicts, and fraudulent business practices. Despite differences in national contexts, the study finds that most disputes stem from misunderstandings over financial arrangements, contract management, and decision-making authority. The paper further evaluates the effectiveness of Kazakhstan’s legal framework, highlighting the limited practical implementation of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms such as mediation and arbitration. The results contribute to the ongoing discourse on improving dispute resolution processes by proposing reforms to align Kazakhstan’s legal system with international best practices, thereby better supporting entrepreneurial activity and reducing the burden on courts.
References
AKHMETZHAROV, Slyamzhar, ORAZGALIYEV, Serik. Labor unions and institutional corruption: The case of Kazakhstan. Journal of Eurasian Studies, vol. 12, n. 2, pp. 133-144, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/18793665211041198.
AKIMBEKOVA, Meruyert, TALAPOVA, Gulmira, KUDAIBERGENOV, Zakir, & SULEIMENOV, Maidan. The concept and features of the settlement of investment disputes under the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series “Physics”, vol. 56, pp. 722-729, 2024. https://doi.org/10.54919/physics/56.2024.72ikl2.
AKSOY, Pınar Çağlayan. The applicability of property law rules for crypto assets: Considerations from civil law and common law perspectives. Law, Innovation and Technology, vol. 15, n. 1, pp. 185-221, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2023.2184140.
ANDERLINI, Luca, FELLI, Leonardo, RIBONI, Alessandro. Legal efficiency and consistency. European Economic Review, vol. 121, p. 103323, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.103323.
APAKHAYEV, Nurlan, ADILOVA, Kultay, BUGYBAY, Dina, MUKALDYEVA, Gulyiya, MUKHAMADIYEVA, Gulzhan, KOSHPENBETOV, Bakhytkali. Childhood legal protection in Kazakhstan. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, vol. 8, n. 3, pp. 714-721, 2017. https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jarle/article/view/1439.
BEKISHEV, Askhat, IBRAYEVA, Alua, SMANOVA, Akmaral, NUSSIPOVA, Lyatifa, KAN, Aleksandr. Challenges in contract murder investigations. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, vol. 10, n. 3, pp. 725-733, 2019. https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jarle/article/view/4655.
BEKTUROVA, Aidana, SHARIPOV, Shaimardan, AKHATOV, Ualikhan, MADALIYEVA, Akzada, TURSYNKULOVA, Dinara. Problems of harmonization of legislation of Kazakhstan and China in the conditions of the WTO. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, vol. 20, n. 2, pp. 1-6, 2017.
BENELFAKIH, Elarafi. The types of formality in legal transactions. Law Journal of the National Academy of Internal Affairs, vol. 14, n. 4, pp. 32-40, 2024. https://doi.org/10.56215/naia-chasopis/4.2024.32.
BICHIA, Mikheil. Advantages of mediation in civil disputes. Law and World, vol. 9, n. 27, pp. 63-104, 2023. https://doi.org/10.36475/9.3.6.
BOURKE, Jane, ROPER, Stephen, LOVE, James H. Innovation in legal services: The practices that influence ideation and codification activities. Journal of Business Research, vol. 109, pp. 132-147, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.057.
BURIBAYEV, Yermek, KHAMZINA, Zhanna. Resolving individual labor disputes in Kazakhstan in the era of human rights. Journal of Actual Problems of Jurisprudence, vol. 99, n. 3, pp. 28-36, 2021. https://doi.org/10.26577/JAPJ.2021.v99.i3.03.
Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 1994. Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/K940001000.
Civil Procedural Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2015. Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/K1500000377.
Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 401-IV “On Mediation”. (2011, January). Available at: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=30927376&pos=147;-41#pos=147;-41.
LIU, Xiaohong. On modernization of the diversified resolution mechanism for civil and commercial disputes in China. Frontiers of Law in China, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 98 -116, 2024.
MAKHAMBETSALIYEV, Dauren, ALIMOVA, Elvira, UTEGENOV, Chingiz, SAGYNBEKOVA, Gulnar, SMANOVA, Akmaral. The main directions of the judicial activity of the Supreme Court of the United States in the field of civil rights and freedoms. Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series Physics, vol. 55, pp. 1532-1542, 2024. https://doi.org/10.54919/physics/55.2024.153ol2.
MARTÍN, Pinchi Bartra, VELAZCO LÉVANO, Nilton César, & DANIEL, Coral Pérez Victor. Inheritance disputes due to errors and omissions in the civil registry: legal implications of the lack of documented identity and family ties. Journal of Ecohumanism, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 7108-7114, 2024.
MCINTYRE, Joe, OLIJNYK, Anna, PENDER, Kieran. Civil courts and COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities in Australia. Alternative Law Journal, vol. 45, n. 3, pp. 195-201, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X20956787.
MENOVA, Ardak Shai, ILYASSOVA, Gulzhazira, KLYUYEVA, Yevgeniya, & KHASHIMOVA, Ainura. Development of the Institution of Arbitration in Kazakhstan: Problems of Theory and Practice. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, vol. 11, n. 2 (48), pp. 557-573, 2020.
MONATERI, Pier G. Understanding the civil law, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2548417.
MUKALDYEVA, Guliya B., URISBAEVA, Aynur A., ALKEBAEVA, Zhanatu A. Legal features of competition obligations according to the civil legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Journal of Actual Problems of Jurisprudence, vol. 97, n. 1, pp. 24-37, 2021. https://doi.org/10.26577/JAPJ.2021.v97.i1.03.
MUSAKHONOVICH, Mamasiddikov Muzaffarkhon, ESIRGAPOVICH, Esanov Azamat, JAELANI, Abdul Kadir, KHAIRULDIN, Wan Mohd Khairul Firdaus, & LUTHVIATI, Resti Dian. The protection of labor rights on the court system. Journal of Human Rights Culture and Legal System, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 742–764, 2024.
OMIRZHANOV, Yesbol, BIRZHANKYZY, Alpysbek M. Features of civil society formation in Kazakhstan: Problems and prospects. International Journal of Current Research, vol. 8, n. 3, pp. 28723-28728, 2016.
PETROVSKYI, Andrii, KYRDAN, Bohdan, KUTSYK, Kateryna. Implementation of artificial intelligence in civil proceedings: Experience of EU countries. Scientific Journal of the National Academy of Internal Affairs, vol. 30, n. 1, pp. 45-59, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63341/naia-herald/1.2025.45.
RAKIMULI, Aitoldi, TALAPOVA, Gulmira, & AKIMBEKOVA, Saida. Comparative analysis of mediation in the legislation of Kazakhstan and the People’s Republic of China. Social and Legal Studios, vol. 7, n. 3, pp. 127-136, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32518/sals3.2024.127.
SAPARBEKOVA, Elvira, SMANOVA, Akmaral, MAKHAMBETSALIYEV, Dauren, NESSIPBAEVA, Indira, NUSSIPOVA, Latifa. Comparative Analysis of the Concept of Constitutional Judicial Law-Making in the United States of America and Kazakhstan. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, vol. 38, n. 2, pp. 603-617, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196-024-10138-y.
SARTAEV, Spatay A., KALSHABAYEVA, Manzhuk Zh., OTYNSHIYEVA, Aidana A. Problems of increasing the legal awareness of Kazakhstan society. Journal of Actual Problems of Jurisprudence, vol. 91, n. 3, pp. 4-10, 2019. https://doi.org/10.26577/JAPJ.2019.v91.i3.01
SCHÄFER, Hans-Bernd. Civil law as a common heritage, challenges for law and economics and for comparative law, 2024. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4709299.
SIBARANI, William Edward, PUSPANINGSIH, Utami, & STEFANIE, Clarita. Quasi-Contract: A comparative analysis between the United States of America and Indonesia. PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 11(2), 274–293, 2024.
SOPELNYK, Ihor. The essence of human rights and the transformation of their protection mechanisms. Law. Human. Environment, vol. 16, n. 1, pp. 122-146, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31548/law/1.2025.122.
SOURDIN, Tania, LI, Bin, MCNAMARA, Donna M. Court innovations and access to justice in times of crisis. Health Policy and Technology, vol. 9, n. 4, pp. 447-453, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.020.
SPYTSKA, Liana. Analysis of the most unusual court decisions in the world practice in terms of the right to justice. Social and Legal Studios, vol. 5, n. 4, pp. 39-45, 2022.
TAN, Veltrice. The Belt and Road Initiative: conflict of laws and dispute resolution. Journal of Financial Crime, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1420-1435, 2024.
THORNBURG, Elizabeth, CAMERON, Camille. Defining civil disputes: Lessons from two jurisdictions. Melbourne University Law Review, vol. 35, n. 1, pp. 208-235, 2011.
TOBIA, Kevin. Experimental jurisprudence. University of Chicago Law Review, vol. 89, n. 3, pp. 735-802, 2022.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Brasileira de Alternative Dispute Resolution - Brazilian Journal of Alternative Dispute Resolution - RBADR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
No royalties or other compensation shall be due for the publication of the works.
The opinions expressed by the authors of the articles and reviews are their sole responsibility.
