International Criminal Law and its Contribution to Human Rights Safeguards
Beyond Borders Defending the Defenseless
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52028/rbadr.v7.i13.ART11.INPalavras-chave:
Direitos Humanos, Crimes de Guerra, Humanidade, TPI, Cenários JurídicosResumo
Responsabilizar pessoas e exigir compensação de países é necessário para proteger os direitos humanos. Ferramentas do direito penal internacional, como o Veredito de Nuremberg do Tribunal Militar Internacional (TMI) e a Carta, protegem vários direitos estabelecidos na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos. As Convenções de Genebra de 1949 expandiram o escopo do princípio da universalidade para incluir crimes de guerra, e os direitos protegidos pelos inúmeros pactos de direitos humanos estão alinhados com as graves violações específicas. O direito penal internacional é, essencialmente, um complemento aos direitos humanos, atuando como um meio de aplicação para determinar a responsabilidade pessoal e punir os indivíduos que infringem esses direitos. A legislação de direitos humanos e o subsequente arcabouço legal para a defesa dos direitos dos acusados clarificam como os direitos humanos são protegidos nos tribunais penais internacionais bem como aponta certos obstáculos que podem violar os direitos individuais e colocar em risco a ideia central de um “julgamento justo”. O artigo discute a ampliação da noção de julgamento justo para os processos criminais internacionais. Além disso, sugere possíveis maneiras de superar esses problemas dentro do sistema de justiça penal internacional e explora as conexões entre os tribunais penais internacionais e os sistemas de monitoramento de direitos humanos, analisando os potenciais efeitos sobre os direitos individuais dos aspectos acusatórios e inquisitoriais do processo penal internacional.
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