Parceria Social
uma forma de solidariedade e uma base para resolução alternativa de disputas trabalhistas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52028/rbadr.v7.i13.ART06.URAPalavras-chave:
Disputas Coletivas de Trabalho, Procedimento Alternativo de Resolução de Conflitos, Solidariedade, Parceria Social, Conciliação, Greve, MediaçãoResumo
Muitas constituições ao redor do mundo refletem o princípio da solidariedade, enfatizando os esforços coletivos do Estado, da sociedade e dos indivíduos em prol do bem comum, respeitando os direitos humanos e as liberdades, além de criar condições para sua máxima efetivação. A parceria social adquiriu status constitucional na Rússia após as emendas de 2020, tornando altamente relevante a implementação deste princípio e método de interação nas relações sociais e trabalhistas. A parceria social permite o uso de um método alternativo, em comparação ao judicial, para a resolução de disputas trabalhistas, baseado no diálogo e na cooperação. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o potencial de implementação das normas sobre parceria social para a resolução eficaz de conflitos trabalhistas, identificar problemas legais e organizacionais relevantes, e apontar caminhos para sua solução. O estudo utilizou métodos científicos gerais – análise e síntese, dedução e método dialético – e métodos jurídicos especiais – jurisprudência comparada e modelagem jurídica. A análise da legislação russa, sua aplicação prática e a literatura jurídica permitem concluir que a conciliação na resolução de disputas coletivas de trabalho na Rússia é ineficaz devido à imperfeição da legislação trabalhista e à recusa do uso da mediação, o que gera uma resposta negativa entre os juristas. Essa política resulta no uso inadequado das capacidades da parceria social e leva os trabalhadores a utilizarem outros métodos, mais rigorosos e muitas vezes não formalizados, para influenciar os empregadores. Esses fatos exigem o fortalecimento do papel do Estado na parceria social e a promoção da conciliação na resolução de disputas coletivas de trabalho. Há a necessidade de simplificar legislativamente os procedimentos de conciliação. As mudanças poderiam começar com a adoção de uma lei que estabeleça os princípios gerais da parceria social na Rússia, as principais áreas de atuação e o papel de todos os principais atores – o Estado, organizações públicas, empresários e trabalhadores.
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